{"id":1486,"date":"2016-06-13T13:14:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-13T16:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/arraias-curiosidades-biologicas-e-comportamentais\/"},"modified":"2021-04-20T12:24:08","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T15:24:08","slug":"arraias-curiosidades-biologicas-e-comportamentais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/arraias-curiosidades-biologicas-e-comportamentais\/","title":{"rendered":"Arraias \u2013 Curiosidades biol\u00f3gicas e comportamentais"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Arraias \u2013 Curiosidades biol\u00f3gicas e comportamentais<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"border-width: 1pt; padding: 8pt 2pt 2pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 1.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Por Nathieli Coser<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 1.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Publicado em 13\/06\/2016<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 1.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">As arraias ou raias s\u00e3o peixes pertencentes ao Reino Animalia, ao Filo Chordata, a Classe Chondrichthyes, a subclasse Elasmobranchii, a Superordem Batoidea<sup>1<\/sup> e a Ordem Myliobatiformes<sup>2<\/sup> ou Rajiforme<sup>3<\/sup>, podendo ser marinha (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">) ou de \u00e1gua doce (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1483\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-1.jpg\" alt=\"Figura 1\" width=\"688\" height=\"515\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">. Arraia marinha da fam\u00edlia <span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">Dasyatidae. Fonte; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.br\/url?sa=i&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=images&amp;cd=&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiuvej87MXKAhUEwiYKHQh8DBoQjB0IBg&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStingray&amp;bvm=bv.112454388,d.cWw&amp;psig=AFQjCNEmLTvqzzhTWqGge-TiAzaf2T10ng&amp;ust=1453841785909262\"><span style=\"color: black; text-decoration: none;\">en.wikipedia.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1484\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figura 2\" width=\"682\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-750x480.jpg 750w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-1140x729.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-440x281.jpg 440w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-2-627x401.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">. Arraia de \u00e1gua doce da fam\u00edlia <span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">Potamotrygonidae<\/span><span class=\"apple-converted-space\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">. Fonte<\/span><\/span>; <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: black; text-decoration: none;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.br\/url?sa=i&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=images&amp;cd=&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjLurCk7MXKAhVC4yYKHR-kAYkQjB0IBg&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3APotamotrygonidae_Potamotrygon_motoro_(5806483821).jpg&amp;bvm=bv.112454388,d.cWw&amp;psig=AFQjCNGlLZB8x8XaM77dH9Wd-VglRjyj0g&amp;ust=1453841635084048\">commons.wikimedia.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Grande parte das arraias s\u00e3o bent\u00f4nicas e carn\u00edvoras. Em todo mundo s\u00e3o descritas mais de 400 esp\u00e9cies com tamanho variando de 0,15 a 7 metros de envergadura<sup>4<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Em geral, a maioria das arraias possuem formato de disco, com a cauda fina e comprida provida ou n\u00e3o de um ou mais ferr\u00f5es venenosos, que podem causar ferimentos dolorosos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">As nadadeiras peitorais s\u00e3o bem desenvolvidas e situam-se no mesmo plano da cabe\u00e7a, projetando-se pelos lados da cabe\u00e7a. A ondula\u00e7\u00e3o das nadadeiras constitui-se na principal forma de locomo\u00e7\u00e3o das arraias.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Na parte inferior encontra-se a boca, pequena e transversa com dentes serrilhados. Essas caracter\u00edsticas permitem que as arraias se alimentem de pl\u00e2ncton, moluscos, crust\u00e1ceos e outros pequenos animais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Na parte superior encontram-se os olhos e os espir\u00e1culos, fendas posicionadas atr\u00e1s de cada olho, conectados \u00e0 c\u00e2mara branquial e fundamentais no processo respirat\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">A <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"> elucida as principais medidas e estruturas de uma arraia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1485\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3.jpg\" alt=\"Figura 3\" width=\"651\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3.jpg 651w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3-440x435.jpg 440w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3-627x619.jpg 627w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Figura-3-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">. Principais estruturas das arraias. Fonte<span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">; Peixes Marinhos do Brasil<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Existem esp\u00e9cies ov\u00edparas (reproduzem-se por ovos que as f\u00eameas expelem) e esp\u00e9cies viv\u00edparas (os ovos s\u00e3o incubados no interior do organismo materno) e nesse caso, os filhotes j\u00e1 nascem perfeitamente desenvolvidos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">Atingem a maturidade sexual com aproximadamente 2 anos, e geram uma prole de at\u00e9 10 filhotes (na m\u00e9dia cerca de 4) por temporada. O macho apresenta o cl\u00e1sper, um par de \u00f3rg\u00e3os sexuais localizado entre a nadadeira anal e a calda, semelhantes a dois p\u00eanis paralelos, um de cada lado da cauda, muito evidente quando se compara os sexos, e vis\u00edvel inclusive em um animal imp\u00fabere.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; background-color: transparent;\">Normalmente vivem solit\u00e1rias, junto ao fundo arenoso, ou de pequenas pedras. Podem formar pequenos grupos durante a \u00e9poca da migra\u00e7\u00e3o (V\u00eddeo 1.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<video style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" controls=\"controls\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\"><source src=\"images\/galerias\/Pos-graduandos\/Nathi\/Arraias\/Video 1.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/video><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">V\u00eddeo 1. Migra\u00e7\u00e3o de arraias <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Refer\u00eancias consultadas<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">1 &#8211; Compagno, 2005.<span class=\"reference-text\"> The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. 471-498. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Mariland, U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">2 &#8211; <span class=\"reference-text\">Compagno, Leonard J. V. \/ Hamlett, William C., ed. 1999. Checklist of Living Elasmobranchs. Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. 471-498. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Mariland, U.S.A.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">3 &#8211; L. S. Berg, 1940. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/Summary\/OrdersSummary.cfm?order=Rajiformes\"><span style=\"color: black; text-decoration: none;\">\u201cOrder Summary for Rajiformes\u201d in FishBase.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">4 \u2013 Szpilman, M. 2000. Peixes Marinhos do Brasil. Guia pr\u00e1tico de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o. Instituto Ecol\u00f3gico Aqualung. 288p.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arraias \u2013 Curiosidades biol\u00f3gicas e comportamentais Por Nathieli Coser Publicado em 13\/06\/2016 As arraias ou raias s\u00e3o peixes pertencentes ao Reino Animalia, ao Filo Chordata, a Classe Chondrichthyes, a subclasse Elasmobranchii, a Superordem Batoidea1 e a Ordem Myliobatiformes2 ou Rajiforme3, podendo ser marinha (Figura 1) ou de \u00e1gua doce (Figura 2). Figura 1. Arraia marinha [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[258,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divulgacao-cientifica","category-noticias"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1486\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}