{"id":1451,"date":"2016-02-11T17:12:11","date_gmt":"2016-02-11T19:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/respostas-adaptativas-de-peixes-a-alteracoes-ambientais\/"},"modified":"2021-04-20T12:24:08","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T15:24:08","slug":"respostas-adaptativas-de-peixes-a-alteracoes-ambientais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/respostas-adaptativas-de-peixes-a-alteracoes-ambientais\/","title":{"rendered":"Respostas adaptativas de peixes a altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Respostas adaptativas de peixes a altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Por Thayzi O. Zeni<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Publicado em 11\/02\/2016<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Em qualquer meio onde existam varia\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais,<span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\"> as adapta\u00e7\u00f5es surgem como uma alternativa para <\/span>assegurar a sobreviv\u00eancia, a reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o, o desenvolvimento, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica e a diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o das esp\u00e9cies <span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">(Peres-Neto, 1999<\/span>; Randall, 2006).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Muitas das pesquisas que abordam as formas de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o das esp\u00e9cies a ambientes impactados antropicamente t\u00eam utilizado organismos aqu\u00e1ticos como modelo de estudo. Isto porque, dentre as consequ\u00eancias das altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais, est\u00e3o a altera\u00e7\u00e3o das vari\u00e1veis determinantes da qualidade da \u00e1gua, a perda da biodiversidade aqu\u00e1tica em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da desestrutura\u00e7\u00e3o do ambiente f\u00edsico e qu\u00edmico e a altera\u00e7\u00e3o da din\u00e2mica natural das comunidades biol\u00f3gicas (Currie e Tufts, 1997; Goulart e Calistto, 2003). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">O ambiente aqu\u00e1tico \u00e9 extremamente din\u00e2mico e os organismos que nele vivem enfrentam altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais dificilmente enfrentadas por animais terrestres, como mudan\u00e7as r\u00e1pidas ou extremas de temperatura, na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de oxig\u00eanio dissolvido, no pH, na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o e nos tipos de \u00edons (Mariano, 2006). Vari\u00e1veis como estas podem ocasionar estresse e reduzir a habilidade dos animais em manter sua homeostase (Mariano, op. cit.). Essas altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais s\u00e3o ainda mais cr\u00edticas em ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos sobre influ\u00eancia de atividades antr\u00f3picas de origem biol\u00f3gica (lan\u00e7amento de efluentes dom\u00e9sticos e industriais), f\u00edsica (lan\u00e7amento de res\u00edduos radiativos ou de detritos inertes) e\/ou qu\u00edmica (lan\u00e7amento de res\u00edduos industriais e de embarca\u00e7\u00f5es, por exemplo) (Santana, 2008).&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Dentre as vari\u00e1veis ambientais mencionadas, a temperatura e as concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de oxig\u00eanio s\u00e3o par\u00e2metros que afetam diretamente os processos fisiol\u00f3gicos de todos os organismos aqu\u00e1ticos (Munday et al., 2009). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">A temperatura de ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos pode ser alterada de maneira aguda, como por exemplo, quando ind\u00fastrias despejam \u00e1gua aquecida ou resfriada em rios e lagos. Tamb\u00e9m pode ser alterada a longo prazo, como \u00e9 o caso do aquecimento global. De acordo com os cen\u00e1rios projetados pelo IPCC (2007), a temperatura m\u00e9dia global deve aumentar entre 2,3\u00b0C e 4,5\u00b0C at\u00e9 o ano de 2100 se comparada ao per\u00edodo pr\u00e9-industrial. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Carneiro (2002) comenta que a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de barragens interrompe o fluxo natural do curso d&#8217;\u00e1gua, acarretando em varia\u00e7\u00f5es no regime fluvial, transformando zonas de correntezas em ambientes l\u00eanticos (Figura 1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1447\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102.jpg\" alt=\"figura11102\" width=\"739\" height=\"288\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102.jpg 1196w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-750x292.jpg 750w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-1140x444.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-768x299.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-1024x399.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-440x171.jpg 440w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura11102-627x244.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 739px) 100vw, 739px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 1cm; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 1. Barragem de Itaipu, constru\u00edda no <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">Rio Paran\u00e1, entre Brasil e Paraguai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Al\u00e9m dessas altera\u00e7\u00f5es dr\u00e1sticas dos padr\u00f5es locais de circula\u00e7\u00e3o, isso tamb\u00e9m pode afetar a temperatura e, principalmente, a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de oxig\u00eanio dissolvido em ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos. Esta falta de circula\u00e7\u00e3o contribui para que ocorra a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de termoclinas e oxiclinas. Fiorucci e Filho (2005) ainda comentam que a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de represas sobre \u00e1reas de florestas podem resultar na forma\u00e7\u00e3o de lagos com alta demanda bioqu\u00edmica de oxig\u00eanio (Figura 2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1448\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/figura_21102.jpg\" alt=\"figura 21102\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"276\" height=\"190\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 2. Inunda\u00e7\u00e3o da regi\u00e3o de Sobradinho, localizado a 40 Km de Juazeiro (BA) pelo Rio S\u00e3o Francisco para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o da Usina de Sobradinho.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Fonte: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cepa.if.usp.br\/energia\/energia1999\/Grupo2B\/Hidraulica\/ambiental.htm.\">http:\/\/www.cepa.if.usp.br\/energia\/energia1999\/Grupo2B\/Hidraulica\/ambiental.htm.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Nessas represas, a grande quantidade de fitomassa inundada, ao se decompor, gera elevados d\u00e9ficits de oxig\u00eanio. Casagrande (2006) comenta que redu\u00e7\u00f5es na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de oxig\u00eanio dissolvido em ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos podem ocorrer quando quantidades significativas de mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica s\u00e3o incorporadas a eles. Essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre normalmente com o lan\u00e7amento de esgotos dom\u00e9sticos e de efluentes industriais ricos em mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica nos corpos d\u2019\u00e1gua (Figura 3). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1449\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_31102.jpg\" alt=\"Figura 31102\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"620\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_31102.jpg 620w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_31102-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_31102-440x247.jpg 440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 3. Lan\u00e7amento de esgotos dom\u00e9sticos em corpos d\u2019\u00e1gua sem qualquer tipo de tratamento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Al\u00e9m de todos esses impactos pode tamb\u00e9m ocorrer o rompimento de barragens, como o ocorrido em Mariana (MG) no inicio de novembro deste ano. Esta n\u00e3o era utilizada na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, mas sim para armazenar lama resultante do rejeito da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de min\u00e9rio de ferro.<\/span>&nbsp;O seu rompimento formou u<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">ma enxurrada de lama que inundou v\u00e1rias casas e chegou ao rio Doce, matando v\u00e1rios peixes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1450\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102.jpg\" alt=\"Figura 41102\" width=\"732\" height=\"383\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102.jpg 956w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102-750x392.jpg 750w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102-440x230.jpg 440w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Figura_41102-627x328.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Figura 4. Peixes do rio Doce, em Governador Valadares (MG), mortos ap\u00f3s a chegada da lama. Fonte: <a href=\"http:\/\/noticias.uol.com.br\/meio-ambiente\/ultimas-noticias\/redacao\/2015\/11\/13\/rio-doce-precisa-de-acoes-para-garantir-sobrevida-e-tera-danos-por-decadas.htm\">http:\/\/noticias.uol.com.br\/meio-ambiente\/ultimas-noticias\/redacao\/2015\/11\/13\/rio-doce-precisa-de-acoes-para-garantir-sobrevida-e-tera-danos-por-decadas.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Desta forma, seja por causas naturais ou antropog\u00eanicas, os ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos est\u00e3o, cada vez mais, sendo submetidos a processos que levam \u00e0 altera\u00e7\u00f5es dos padr\u00f5es locais ou regionais de temperatura e de oxig\u00eanio dissolvido. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Nessa linha de pesquisa, na qual organismos aqu\u00e1ticos s\u00e3o afetados por altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais diversos grupos tem sido alvo de estudo, tais como: microalgas (Morais e Costa, 2008; Johnson et al., 2009; Lohbeck et al., 2012), macroinvertebrados (Johnson et al., 2009); an\u00eamonas (Black et al., 1995; Choresh et al., 2001; Goldstone, 2008), moluscos bivalves (Clegg et al., 1998; Buckley et al., 2001; Lacoste et al, 2001; Brown et al., 2004; Fabbri et al., 2008; Cho e Jeong, 2012), gastr\u00f3podes (Tomanek, 2002; Tomanek e Sanford, 2003), crust\u00e1ceos (Ravaux et al., 2003; Ravaux et al., 2007; Fernandes, 2010) e peixes (Iwama et al., 1998; Iwama et al., 1999; Iwama et al., 2004; Breau et al., 2007; Johnson et al., 2009).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\">Segundo Al-sabti e Metcalfe (1995), al\u00e9m de geralmente apresentarem interesse econ\u00f4mico, o uso de peixes \u00e9 frequente nesse tipo de estudo pois estes apresentam respostas toxicol\u00f3gicas similares \u00e0quelas apresentadas pelos vertebrados superiores. Al\u00e9m disso, esses autores citam que os peixes indicam o potencial de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o de popula\u00e7\u00f5es humanas a genot\u00f3xicos qu\u00edmicos e tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o entre os maiores ve\u00edculos de transfer\u00eancia de contaminantes para humanos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"color: windowtext;\">R<\/span><span style=\"color: windowtext;\">EFER\u00caNCIAS <\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">AL-SABTI, K.; METCALFE, C.D. Fish micronuclei for assessing genotoxicity in water. <strong>Mutation Research<\/strong>, v. 343, p. 121-135, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">BLACK, N. A.; VOELLMY, R.; SZMANT, A. M. Heat shock protein induction in <em>Montastraea faveolata<\/em> and <em>Aiptasia pallida<\/em> exposed to elevated temperatures. <strong>Biological Bulletin<\/strong>, v. 188, p.&nbsp; 234-240, 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">BREAU, C.; CUNJAK, R. A.; BREMSET, G. Age-specific aggregation of juvenile Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar<\/em> at cool water sources during high temperature events. <strong>Journal of Fish Biology<\/strong>, v. 71, p. 1179\u20131191, 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">BUCKLEY, B. A.; OWEN, M. E.; HOFMANN, G. E. Adjusting the thermostat: the threshold induction temperature for the heatshock response in intertidal mussels (genus Mytilus) changes as a function of thermal history. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The <strong>Journal of Experimental Biology<\/strong>, v. 204, p. 3571\u20133579, 2001.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">CARNEIRO, F. M. <strong>An\u00e1lise do estudo de impacto ambiental e da qualidade da \u00e1gua \u2013 o caso a\u00e7ude atalho \u2013 brejo santo, Cear\u00e1<\/strong>. 2002. Cear\u00e1, 198 f. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente) &#8211; Curso de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">CASAGRANDE, C. A.; MOURA, J. M. S.; MARCONDES A. et al. Efeitos Naturais e Antr\u00f3picos nas Altera\u00e7\u00f5es dos Teores de Oxig\u00eanio Dissolvido: Uma Compara\u00e7\u00e3o Entre as Bacias do Rio Amazonas e Piracicaba. <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Revista Brasileira de Recursos H\u00eddricos<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, v. 11, n. 4, p. 221-231, 2006.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">CHO, E. S.; JEONG, H. D. Effect of environmental impact to molecular expression of heat-shock protein (HSP70) in oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas<\/em> from Gamak bay, Korea. <strong>Journal of Environmental Biology<\/strong>, v. 33, p. 609-615, 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">CHORESH, O.; RON, E.; LOYA, Y. The 60-k Da Heat Shock Protein (HSP60) of the Sea Anemone <em>Anemonia viridis<\/em>: A potential early warning system for environmental changes. <strong>Marine Biotechnology<\/strong>, v. 3, p. 501\u2013508, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">FABBRI, E.; VALBONESI, P.; FRANZELLITTI, S. HSP expression in bivalves. <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Information Systems Journal<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, v. 5, p. 135-161, 2008.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">FERNANDES, F. A. <strong>Estresse osm\u00f3tico: prote\u00ednas de estresse e balan\u00e7o oxidativo em Neohelice granulata (Crustacea, Decapoda, Veronidae).<\/strong> 2010. 175 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas) &#8211; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.Porto Alegre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">GOLDSTONE, J. V.&nbsp; Environmental sensing and response genes in cnidaria: the chemical defensome in the sea anemone <em>Nematostella vectensis<\/em>. <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Cell biology and Toxicology<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, v. 24, n. 6, p. 483-502, 2008.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">GOULART, M.; CALLISTO, M. Bioindicadores de qualidade de \u00e1gua como ferramenta em estudos de impacto ambiental. <strong>Revista da FAPAM<\/strong>, v. 2, n. 1, 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">IWAMA, G. K.; THOMAS, P. T.; FORSYTH, R. B. et al. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Heat shock protein expression in fish. <strong>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries<\/strong>, v. 8, p. 35-56, 1998.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">IWAMA, G. K.; VIJAYAN, M. M.; FORSYTH, R. B.et al. Heat shock proteins and physiological stress in fish. <strong>American Zoologist<\/strong>, v. 39, p. 901\u2013909, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">IPCC<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">IWAMA, G. K.; AFONSO, L. O. B.; TODGHAM, A. et al. Are HSPS suitable for indicating stressed states in fish? <strong>Journal of Experimental Biology<\/strong>, v. 207, pg. 15-19, 2004<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">JOHNSON, A. C.; ACREMAN, M. C.; DUNBAR, M. J. et al. The British river of the future: How climate change and human activity might affect two contrasting river ecosystems in England. <strong>Science of the Total Environmen<\/strong>t, v. 407, p. 4787\u20134798, 2009. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">LACOSTE, A.; JALABERT, F.; MALHAM, S. K. et al. Stress and stress-induced neuroendocrine changes increase the susceptibility of juvenile oysters (<em>Crassostrea gigas<\/em>) to vibrio splendidus. Applied and Environmental <strong>Microbiology<\/strong>, v. 76, n. 5, p. 2304\u20132309, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">LOHBECK, K. T.; RIEBESELL, U. L. F.; REUSCH, T. B. H. Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification. <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Nature Geoscience<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, v.5, p.346\u2013351, 2012.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">MARIANO, W. S.; OBA, E. T.; SANTOS, L. R. B. et al. Respostas fisiol\u00f3gicas de jeju, <em>Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus<\/em> (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) expostos ao ar atmosf\u00e9rico. <strong>Revista brasileira de sa\u00fade e produ\u00e7\u00e3o animal<\/strong>, v.10, p. 210-223, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">MORAIS, M. G.; COSTA, J. A. V. Perfil de \u00e1cidos de microalgas cultivadas com di\u00f3xido de carbono. <strong>Ci\u00eancias e Agrotecnologia de Lavras<\/strong>, v. 32, n. 4, p. 1245-1251, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">MUNDAY, P. L.; LEIS, E. J. M.; LOUGH, E. J. M. et al. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Climate change and coral reef connectivity. <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Coral Reefs<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, v. 28, p. 379\u2013395, 2009.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">PERES-NETO, P.R. Alguns m\u00e9todos e estudos em ecomorfologia de peixes de riachos. <strong>Oecologia,<\/strong> v. 6, p. 209-236, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">RANDALL, D.; BURGGREN, W.; FRENCH, K. <strong>Fisiologia animal, mecanismos e adapta\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">4 ed. Editora Guanabara Koogan. S. A. 2006. 729 p.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">RAVAUX, J.; GAILL, F.; BRIS, N. et al. Heat-shock response and temperature resistance in the deep-sea vent shrimp <em>Rimicaris exoculata<\/em>. <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Journal of Experimental Biology<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, v. 206, p. 2345-2354, 2003.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">SANTANA, G. P. 2008. <strong>Polui\u00e7\u00e3o aqu\u00e1tica<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cq.ufam.edu.br\/Artigos\/poluicao_aquatica\/poluicao_aquatica.html\">http:\/\/www.cq.ufam.edu.br\/Artigos\/poluicao_aquatica\/poluicao_aquatica.html<\/a> Acesso em 07 de junho de 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;\">TOMANEK, L. The heat-shock response: its variation, regulation and ecological importance in intertidal gastropods (genus Tegula). <strong>Integrative and Comparative Biology<\/strong> v. 42, pg. 797-807, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Respostas adaptativas de peixes a altera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais Por Thayzi O. Zeni Publicado em 11\/02\/2016 Em qualquer meio onde existam varia\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais, as adapta\u00e7\u00f5es surgem como uma alternativa para assegurar a sobreviv\u00eancia, a reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o, o desenvolvimento, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica e a diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o das esp\u00e9cies (Peres-Neto, 1999; Randall, 2006). Muitas das pesquisas que abordam as formas de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[258,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divulgacao-cientifica","category-noticias"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1451"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1451\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}