{"id":1154,"date":"2014-09-27T19:23:48","date_gmt":"2014-09-27T22:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/bioindicadores1\/"},"modified":"2021-04-20T12:24:09","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T15:24:09","slug":"bioindicadores1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/bioindicadores1\/","title":{"rendered":"Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de peixes como bioindicadores"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19.9333343505859px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19.9333343505859px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;de peixes&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19.9333343505859px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">como bioindicadores<\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1150\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_2b.JPG\" alt=\"Figura 2b\" width=\"448\" height=\"427\" \/><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"><strong style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: left; background-color: transparent;\">Por: Thayzi Zeni<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong>Publicado em 27\/09\/14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Bioindicadores podem ser considerados como sendo esp\u00e9cies sentinelas utilizadas como primeiros indicadores de efeito da contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de um habitat (Adams, 2002). Estes organismos respondem a agentes qu\u00edmicos, alterando suas fun\u00e7\u00f5es vitais ou acumulando toxinas (Carneiro e Takayanagui, 2009). Estes podem responder biologicamente, em n\u00edvel de organismo, ou ainda em n\u00edveis inferiores, como \u00f3rg\u00e3os, tecidos e\/ou c\u00e9lulas, por meio de altera\u00e7\u00f5es bioqu\u00edmicas, fisiol\u00f3gicas e\/ou comportamentais (Capela, 2001). Desta maneira s\u00e3o capazes de fornecer informa\u00e7\u00f5es necess\u00e1rias para a an\u00e1lise de risco ecol\u00f3gico e estudos de impacto ambiental (Arias et al., 2007).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Considera-se que um bioindicador deva apresentar resist\u00eancia ao agente ao qual est\u00e1 exposto (Akaishi, 2004). <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Os bioindicadores, portanto, n\u00e3o morrem quando expostos a agentes t\u00f3xicos e s\u00e3o capazes de fornecer informa\u00e7\u00f5es, p<span style=\"background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\">or meio de rea\u00e7\u00f5es comportamentais ou metab\u00f3licas mensur\u00e1veis, que indicam e refletem mudan\u00e7as <\/span>do ambiente onde est\u00e3o (Walker, 1995).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Para ser utilizado como bioindicador, o organismo deve apresentar algumas caracter\u00edsticas b\u00e1sicas. Este deve possuir tamanho suficiente permitindo \u00e0 obten\u00e7\u00e3o de material biol\u00f3gico necess\u00e1rio a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de an\u00e1lises propostas (Stewart e Malley, 1997) (Figura 1). Deve ser de f\u00e1cil identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e de f\u00e1cil coleta durante todas as \u00e9pocas do ano (Akaishi, 2004). Deve tamb\u00e9m apresentar h\u00e1bito sedent\u00e1rio ou de baixa mobilidade formando popula\u00e7\u00f5es fixas a fim de que sua exposi\u00e7\u00e3o aos agentes qu\u00edmicos possa refletir as reais condi\u00e7\u00f5es da regi\u00e3o de estudo (Radtke, 1979).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1151\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a.JPG\" alt=\"Figura 1a\" width=\"431\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a.JPG 1600w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-1140x760.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Figura_1a-627x418.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;\">Figura 1. Colheita de sangue de um exemplar de pacu (<\/span><em style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;\">Metynnis maculatus<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;\">).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">A facilidade de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o dos organismos \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es laboratoriais tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 um aspecto que facilita o uso do bioindicador no desenvolvimento de um estudo (Akaishi, 2003) (Figura 2). O fato de estes organismos poderem ser reproduzidos em laborat\u00f3rio em condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais controladas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 de suma import\u00e2ncia para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1152\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a.JPG\" alt=\"figura 2a\" width=\"438\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a.JPG 1600w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-1140x760.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/figura_2a-627x418.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;\">Figura 2. Jundi\u00e1s <span style=\"font-size: 12.222222328186px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 47.2666664123535px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">(<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 12.222222328186px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 47.2666664123535px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Rhandia quelem<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12.222222328186px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 47.2666664123535px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">)&nbsp;<\/span>adaptados \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es laboratoriais.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Entre os fatores que estimulam a ampla utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de peixes como bioindicadores est\u00e3o os mecanismos de resposta \u00e0 contamina\u00e7\u00e3o por subst\u00e2ncias t\u00f3xicas, considerados muito similares aos dos grandes vertebrados. Os peixes, assim como os mam\u00edferos, possuem mecanismos de bioconcentra\u00e7\u00e3o, no qual o agente qu\u00edmico \u00e9 acumulado pela biota por meio da \u00e1gua, e tamb\u00e9m a biomagnifica\u00e7\u00e3o, na qual o agente qu\u00edmico \u00e9 absorvido por interm\u00e9dio da cadeia alimentar (Hedouin et al., 2006; Weisbrod et al., 2007, Kehrig et al., 2011). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;Outra caracter\u00edstica importante \u00e9 que, devido ao fato de serem utilizados como fonte de prote\u00edna animal para a alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o humana e estarem distribu\u00eddos em diferentes n\u00edveis tr\u00f3ficos da cadeia alimentar, os peixes s\u00e3o considerados grandes ve\u00edculos de transfer\u00eancia de contaminantes do meio para os seres humanos (Al-Sabti e Metcalfe, 1995). Outros fatores que contribuem para a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de peixes como bioindicadores est\u00e3o sua ampla distribui\u00e7\u00e3o demogr\u00e1fica (<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Jesus e Carvalho, 2008) e o pequeno tamanho corp\u00f3reo que algumas esp\u00e9cies apresentam durante o ciclo de vida (<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Zhou et al.,2008). Todos esses fatores facilitam a captura dos animais no ambiente, permitindo o monitoramento e a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o em condi\u00e7\u00f5es laboratoriais. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">O uso de peixes como bioindicadores consiste, portanto, em uma importante ferramenta para o monitoramento de ambientes impactados por agentes qu\u00edmicos. Isto porque, devido a adapta\u00e7\u00f5es anat\u00f4micas, comportamentais e fisiol\u00f3gicas do grupo, estes animais podem ocupar v\u00e1rios ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos, sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais diversas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 1.5em; text-align: left; background-color: transparent;\">Refer\u00eancias<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">ADAMS, S. M. 2002. Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, USA. 644 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">AKAISHI, F. M., SILVA DE ASSIS, H. C., JAKOBI, S. C. G., EIRASSTOFELLA, D. R., ST-JEAN, S. D., COURTENAY, S. C., LIMA, E. F., WAGENER, A. L. R., SCOFIELD, A. L., OLIVEIRA RIBEIRO, C. A., 2004. &nbsp;Morphological and neurotoxicological findings in tropical freshwater fish (<\/span><em style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">Astyanax<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\"> sp.) after waterborne and acute exposure to water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 46 (2): 244-253<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">AL-SABTI, K., METCALFE, C. D., 1995. Fish micronuclei for assessing genotoxicity in water. Mutation Research, 343: 121-135<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">ALTINOK, I., CAPKIN, E., 2007. Histopathology of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal concentrations of methiocarb or endosulfan. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Toxicologic Pathology<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">, 35: 405 &#8211; 410<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">ARIAS, A. R.L., BUSS, D. F., ALBUQUERQUE, C., IN\u00c1CIO, A. F., FREIRE, M. M., EGLER, M., MUGNAI, R., BAPTISTA, D. F., 2007. Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de&nbsp; Bioindicadores na avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de impacto e no monitoramento da Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de rios e c\u00f3rregos por agrot\u00f3xicos. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Ci\u00eancia &amp; Sa\u00fade Coletiva, 12(1): 61-72<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">CARNEIRO, R. M. A., TAKAYANAGUI, A. M. M.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">, 2009. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Estudos sobre bioindicadores vegetais e polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica por meio de revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica da literatura.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Revista Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias Ambientais, 13: 26-44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">HEDOUIN, L., METIAN, M., TEYSSIE, J. L., FOWLER, S. W., FICHEZ, R., WARNAU, M.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"> 2006.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;Allometric relationships in the bioconcentration of heavy metals by the edible tropical clam <em>Gafrarium tumidum<\/em>. Science of the Total Environment, 366 (1): 154-163<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">KEHRIG, H. A., MALM, O., PALERMO, E. F. A., SEIXAS, T. G., BA\u00caTA, A. P., MOREIRA, I., 2011. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Bioconcentra\u00e7\u00e3o e biomagnifica\u00e7\u00e3o de metilmerc\u00fario na ba\u00eda de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Qu\u00edmica Nova, 34 (3) 377-384<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">RADTKE, R., 1979.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">The mummichog: a fish for all reasons. Sea Frontiers, 5: 145-149<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">STEWART, R., MALLEY, D. Technical evaluation of molluscs as a biomonitoring tool for the canadian mining industry. Aquatic Effects Technology Evaluation Program (AETE), 1997. 20 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">WALKER, C. H. 1995. Biochemical biomarkers in ecotoxicology: some recent developments. Science of the Total Environment, 171 (1-3): 189-195.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">WEISBROD, A. V., BURKHARD, L. P., ARNOT, J., MEKENYAN, O., HOWARD, P. H.,<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">RUSSOM, C., BOETHLING, R., SAKURATANI, Y., TRAAS, T., BRIDGES, T., LUTZ, C., BONNELL, M., WOODBURN, K., PARKERTON, T., 2007. Workgroup report: review of fish bioaccumulation databases used to identify persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic substances.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Environmental Health Perspectives, 115 (2): 255-261<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: transparent;\">ZHOU, Q., ZHANG, J., FU, J., SHI, J., JIANG, G., 2008. Biomonitoring: An appealing tool for assessment of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem. Analytica Chimica Acta, 606: 135-150<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o&nbsp;de peixes&nbsp;como bioindicadores Por: Thayzi Zeni Publicado em 27\/09\/14 Bioindicadores podem ser considerados como sendo esp\u00e9cies sentinelas utilizadas como primeiros indicadores de efeito da contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de um habitat (Adams, 2002). Estes organismos respondem a agentes qu\u00edmicos, alterando suas fun\u00e7\u00f5es vitais ou acumulando toxinas (Carneiro e Takayanagui, 2009). Estes podem responder biologicamente, em n\u00edvel de organismo, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1150,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[258,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divulgacao-cientifica","category-noticias"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1154\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gia.org.br\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}